How Do You Treat Insect Bites and Stings?

Different insects leave different marks. Understanding what bit or stung you helps determine the best course of treatment.

Here’s a quick guide to common insect bites and stings:

Mosquito bites: Small, red, itchy bumps that often appear in clusters.

Bee and wasp stings: Painful with swelling; bees may leave behind a visible stinger.

Yellow jackets: Cause intense pain and swelling, but no stinger is left behind.

Fire ant bites: Can produce small blisters in clusters.

Flea bites: Tiny red spots, typically grouped on the legs and ankles.

• Localized pain or burning
• Itching
• Swelling or redness
• Warmth at the bite site

“If the affected area spreads rapidly or if there are breathing problems or dizziness, it is something that needs immediate medical attention,” Dr. Afaneh says.

Taking quick action can help reduce symptoms and prevent complications.

Follow these steps to manage minor bites and stings:

Clean the area: Gently wash the affected area with soap and water to remove any irritants or bacteria.

Inspect for insect parts: If you suspect a bee sting, look for a stinger. To remove a stinger, use a flat object like a credit card to scrape it. Do not use tweezers. They can push more venom into the skin.

Reduce swelling and pain: Put a cold pack or ice wrapped in a towel on the area for 10-15 minutes. You can reapply as needed to reduce swelling. Always wrap ice or a gel pack in a cloth. Direct ice can hurt the skin. Using a towel as a barrier keeps you safe while cooling. 

Relieve itching and inflammation: Use over-the-counter treatments like antihistamines or hydrocortisone cream. Natural remedies, such as aloe vera gel or a baking soda paste can also help soothe the skin.

Avoid scratching: Scratching can break the skin and lead to infection. Keep fingernails short, especially for children.

In some cases, insect bites or stings require emergency care. Watch for signs of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis):

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling beyond the bite area
• Hives or rash
• Dizziness or fainting
• Rapid heartbeat

If any of these occur:

• Call emergency services immediately; call 911.
• Use an epinephrine auto-injector if available.
• Lay the person flat and elevate their legs while waiting for help.

Even if symptoms improve, it is important to have a medical check-up. This helps avoid any complications.

Prevention is the best way to avoid discomfort and allergic reactions. Take these precautions:

Personal protection:

• Use insect repellent: Apply it liberally for maximum protection. Always read the label closely.
• Wear protective clothing: Long sleeves, pants and closed shoes reduce skin exposure.
• Avoid bright colors and floral patterns: These can attract bees and wasps.

Environmental safety:

• Eliminate standing water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water.
• Keep food and drinks covered: Especially when eating outdoors.
• Hire professionals for next removal: Never attempt to remove hives or nets on your own.

“If you see a bee or bees hovering, leave the area,” Dr. Afaneh says. “Don’t swat at bees, hornets or wasps because it could lead them to sting.”

Children are naturally curious. They may not see the danger of stinging insects.

Tips for parents:

• Supervise outdoor play, especially in areas with visible insect activity.
• Check for nests near playgrounds or yard equipment.
• If your child has a known allergy, have them wear a medical alert bracelet and keep an epinephrine injector nearby.

If you or your child have frequent reactions or think you might have an allergy, talk to a health care provider. Scripps offers virtual visits, in-person appointments express clinics and urgent care services to assist you.